Al-Hakam II, also known as Abū al-ʿĀṣ al-Mustanṣir bi-Llāh al-Hakam b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ( 915 – 976). Caliph of Córdoba. He was the second Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba in Al-Andalus, and son of Abd-al-Rahman III and Murjan. He ruled from 961 to 976.
Al-Hakam II succeeded to the Caliphate after the death of his father Abd-ar-Rahman III in 961. He secured peace with the Catholic kingdoms of northern Iberia, and made use of the stability to develop agriculture through the construction of irrigation works. Economic development was also encouraged through the widening of streets and the building of markets.
Hakam himself was very well versed in numerous sciences. He had books purchased from Damascus, Baghdad, Constantinople, Cairo, Mecca, Medina, Kufa, and Basra.
During his reign, a massive translation effort was undertaken, and many books were translated from Latin and Greek into Arabic. He formed a joint committee of Muwallad Muslims and Mozarab Catholics for this task.
- "Físicamente rubio, pero tirando a pelirrojo, con nariz aguileña, grandes ojos negros... [Physically blond, but almost red-haired, with an aquiline nose and large black eyes...]" https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alhak%C3%A9n_II#Semblanza_del_Califa
- "Su cabello pelirrojo, ojos oscuros y tez clara revelaban una mezcla de sangres común en los omeyas andalusíes, pues su madre era una cristiana llamada Maryan. [His red hair, dark eyes and fair complexion revealed a mixture of blood common among the Andalusian Umayyads, as his mother was a Christian named Maryan.]" https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/califato-cordoba-esplendor-al-andalus_19598
- "Le sucedió su hijo Al Hakam II, que tomó de su padre el cabello pelirrojo y la tez clara... [He was succeeded by his son Al Hakam II, who took his father's red hair and fair complexion...]" https://memoriadelfuturo.eu/por-que-lamine-yamal-es-espanol-pero-himex-ii-era-moro/
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