1725) John Humphrey Noyes

John Humphrey Noyes (1811 – 1886). American preacher, radical religious philosopher, and utopian socialist. He founded utopian communities at Putney, Vermont, Oneida, New York, and Wallingford, Connecticut, and is credited with coining the term "complex marriage".

- "Endowed with a ruddy, freckled complexion and a bright red shock of hair, John Humphrey Noyes early gave signs of a passionate nature to match... He was further hampered by the conviction that his red hair and freckles rendered him physically repulsive." https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/polly-hayes-noyes/ 

- "Born September 3, 1811, in Brattleboro, Vermont, Noyes was the fourth of nine children, a boy with bright red hair and freckles." https://www.mentalfloss.com/history/charles-guiteau-oneida-community

1566) Ursula Hirschmann

Ursula Hirschmann (1913 – 1991). German anti-fascist activist and advocate of European federalism.

Hirschmann was born into a middle-class Jewish family to Carl Hirschmann and Hedwig Marcuse in Berlin. She studied economics at Humboldt University of Berlin. In 1932, she joined the youth organization of the Social Democratic Party to participate in the resistance against the advance of the Nazis.

In the summer of 1933, she moved to Paris, where she became re-acquainted with Eugenio Colorni, a young Italian philosopher and socialist whom she had already met in Berlin. She married him in Trieste in 1935. They had three daughters: Silvia, Renata, and Eva.
The couple became engaged in the clandestine anti-fascist opposition. In 1939, Colorni was arrested and sent to confinement on the island of Ventotene. Hirschmann followed her husband there, but as she was not herself held in confinement, she could travel back to the mainland.
Among the other prisoners and friends of Colorni on Ventotene were Ernesto Rossi and Altiero Spinelli, who in 1941, co-authored the famous Ventotene Manifesto "for a free and united Europe", i. e., an early sketch of a post-war democratic European Union. Hirschmann managed to bring the text of the manifesto to the mainland, and took part in its dissemination. On 27 and 28 August 1943, she participated in the foundation of the European Federalist Movement in Milan.
Having escaped from Ventotene in 1943, Colorni was murdered by fascists in Rome in May 1944. Thereafter, Spinelli became her second husband and adopted her daughters. The couple went to Switzerland, and from there to Rome, where they settled after the war. They had three daughters: Diana, Barbara, and Sara Spinelli.
In 1975, Hirschmann founded the Association Femmes pour l'Europe in Brussels, then in the first days of December of that year, suffered from a cerebral hemorrhage, followed by aphasia, from which she was never to recover completely.

 

- "I capelli color rame, folti, tirati indietro, le cingevano il capo coprendole le orecchie ed erano raccolti in una massa pesante sopra la nuca. [Her thick copper-coloured hair, pulled back from her head, covered her ears and was gathered in a heavy mass at the nape of her neck.]" https://www.lebellepagine.it/.../res640412_Ursula...

 

 

1309) Cunninghame Graham

Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham (1852 – 1936). Scottish politician, writer, journalist and adventurer. He was a Liberal Party Member of Parliament (MP); the first ever socialist member of the Parliament of the United Kingdom; a founder, and the first president, of the Scottish Labour Party; a founder of the National Party of Scotland in 1928; and the first president of the Scottish National Party in 1934.

- "... young Cunninghame Graham, nicknamed el gringo, with his Van Dyke beard and tousled red hair, became a centaur."  https://books.google.it/books…

- "... he had an unusual large head, surmounted by red hair, grey eyes, a prominent nose and a small, cruel mouth with a meagre red beard."  https://books.google.it/books…

- "I liked to see him putting his fingers through his long, thick, golden-red hair, making it stand high above his fine, narrow, aristocratic forehead."  https://www.npg.org.uk/…/mp01853/robert-bontine-cunninghame…

- "The red-haired adventurer Cunninghame Graham, rising like a Scottish Mephistopheles from the sulphurous smoke of Charing Cross Underground..."  https://books.google.it/books…

1305) Richard Pankhurst

Richard Marsden Pankhurst (1835/6 – 1898). English barrister, socialist and strong supporter of women's rights.
He married Emmeline Goulden, better known as Emmeline Pankhurst, who was some 24 years younger than he was, in 1878. With her, he was instrumental in establishing the Independent Labour Party. Together they formed the Women's Franchise League in 1889. They were part of a political circle which included Keir Hardie, Annie Besant, William Morris and George Bernard Shaw. They were present at the Bloody Sunday riot in Trafalgar Square.
Known as the "Red Doctor", he stood for Parliament in 1883 as candidate for Manchester and in 1885 for Rotherhithe, Kent, both times unsuccessfully.
With his wife Emmeline, he was father to five children.

- "Her new, red-headed and red-bearded husband Richard was already deeply involved in radical politics..."  http://www.billgreenwell.com/page.php?id=56

- "... with a high-pitched shrill voice, gold-red beard, a broad, lofty forehead crowned by a mane of ruddy hair and small, blue-grey twinkling eyes..."  https://books.google.it/books…

- "Pankhurst was a small, energetic man with a surprisingly high voice, red hair and a pointed, red beard."  https://books.google.it/books…

- "Red-haired and bearded, Richard Pankurst, known as 'the Red Doctor, was twenty-three years older than his wife."  https://books.google.it/books…

1082) Rose Pastor Stokes

Rose Harriet Pastor Stokes (née Wieslander; 1879 – 1933). American socialist activist, writer, birth control advocate, and feminist. She was a figure of some public notoriety after her 1905 marriage to Episcopal millionaire J. G. Phelps Stokes, a member of elite New York society, who supported the settlements in New York. Together they joined the Socialist Party. Pastor Stokes continued to be active in labor politics and women's issues, including promoting access to birth control, which was highly controversial at the time.
In 1919, Pastor Stokes was a founding member of the Communist Party of America and helped develop it into the 1930s. In addition to her writing on politics, she wrote poetry and plays; one was produced in 1916 by the Washington Square Players.

- "Rose Pastor Stokes was there in her blazing coif of red hair, shouting, "Arise! Unite! Down with the bosses!"  https://books.google.it/books…

1066) Albert "Ginger" Goodwin

Albert "Ginger" Goodwin (1887 – 1918)- English-born coal miner who found work in the Cumberland mines, arriving on Vancouver Island in late 1910. Goodwin was disgruntled by the working conditions and management's ubiquitous disregard of all labour factions. Zealous for change, Goodwin became an advocate for workers rights, organizing and promoting the proliferation of trade unions. Goodwin increased in stature to become a highly prominent leader of the social movement that organized labour, but died rather suddenly under highly controversial circumstances that have not been settled to this day. The widely held belief was that Goodwin was murdered in an attempt to stifle collective bargaining; his death inspired the 1918 Vancouver general strike on August 2, 1918, Canada's first General Strike ever. This strike was a precursor to the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919, a defining moment in Canadian labour history.

- "Born on May 19, 1887, in Yorkshire, England, Albert Goodwin had bright red hair, hence the nickname Ginger."  https://vancouversun.com/…/canada-150-ginger-goodwin-labour…

- "A slight, red-haired English coal miner named Albert Goodwin immigrated to Canada at age 19."  https://books.google.it/books…

- "Known by his friends as ‘Ginger’, Albert was slight, and short, with a shock of red hair."  https://minersmemorial.ca/ginger-goodwin/

- "On a spring day in England in 1887, a baby with red hair was born. His name was Albert Goodwin, but his family called him “Ginger.”  https://opentextbc.ca/…/cha…/the-shooting-of-ginger-goodwin/

1004) Pierre-Joseph Proudhon

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809 – 1865). French politician and the founder of mutualist philosophy. He was the first person to declare himself an anarchist, using that term and is widely regarded as one of the ideology's most influential theorists. Proudhon is even considered by many to be the "father of anarchism". He became a member of the French Parliament after the Revolution of 1848, whereafter he referred to himself as a federalist.
His best-known assertion is that "property is theft!", contained in his first major work, What is Property? Or, an Inquiry into the Principle of Right and Government (Qu'est-ce que la propriété? Recherche sur le principe du droit et du gouvernement), published in 1840.
Proudhon favored workers' associations or co-operatives as well as individual worker/peasant possession over private ownership or the nationalization of land and workplaces. He considered social revolution to be achievable in a peaceful manner. In The Confessions of a Revolutionary, Proudhon asserted that "Anarchy is Order Without Power", the phrase which much later inspired in the view of some the anarchist circled-A symbol, today "one of the most common graffiti on the urban landscape".

- "He appeared to be a man of arolll1d forty-five years with thin, reddish-colored hair, looking bland and innocent, despite the slight cast in his eyes." https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/48608480.pdf

688) Margherita Sarfatti

Margherita Sarfatti (born Grassini,1880 – 1961). Italian journalist, art critic, patron, collector, socialite, a prominent propaganda adviser of the National Fascist Party. She was Benito Mussolini's biographer as well as one of his mistresses.
She was the daughter of Amedeo Grassini and Emma Levi. Amedeo was a wealthy Jewish lawyer and businessman. He was a fiscal attorney for the Venetian government and a close friend of Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, later Pope Pius X.
In 1911 Margherita Sarfatti met Benito Mussolini and started a relationship with him. After losing her husband in 1924, she wrote a biography of Mussolini. This was first published in 1925 in Britain under the title The Life of Benito Mussolini; it was published the following year in Italy with the title Dux. Because of the fame of Mussolini and the author's familiarity with the dictator, the book was a success. Seventeen editions were printed and it was translated into 18 languages.

- "Attractive and green-eyed, with auburn hair, at eighteen she maried a Jewish lawyer forteen years her senior." https://books.google.it/books…

- "The lovely girl with red hair and green eyes and insatiable curiosity was raised in a protected setting and surrounded by love..." https://www.haaretz.com/the-jewish-mother-of-fascism-1.4856…
 
- "Ad attenderla trovava Antonio Fogazzaro, che amava sentire quella piccina dai capelli rossi recitare accanto agli affreschi del Tiepolo. [She would find Antionio Fogazzaro waiting for her. He loved hearing the little red-haired girl reciting near Tiepolo's frescoes.]" https://www.sassodiasiago.it/chi_era.htm

- "Fin da ragazza affascina per la sua bellezza fuori dell’ordinario, con quegli occhi grigio-verdi e i capelli color rame, e attira il suo temperamento ribelle, insofferente al perbenismo borghese. [She charmes people since she was a teenager because of her beauty out of the ordinary, with her gray-blue eyes and copper hair. And she appeals with her rebel temperament, intolerant to bourgeois respectability.]" https://donneprotagoniste.blogspot.com/…/margherita-sarfatt…

- " In the 18 years of Margarita, a beautiful red-haired girl with green eyes, contrary to the will of her father, married Cesari Sarfatti..."
https://www.forumdaily.com/en/3-revolyucionerki-2-salona-i-mussolini/

510) Claudio Treves

Claudio Treves (1869 – 1933). Italian politician and journalist.
He became a member of the managing committee of the Piedmontese regional federation of the Partito Socialista Italiano (PSI). In 1899 he moved to Milan to become editor of the daily Il Tempo, which under his stewardship became a leading voice for greater democracy and the Italian Reformist Socialist movement.  In November 1926 Treves fled into exile, emigrating first to Switzerland and then to France, where he was one of the more frequent collaborators of the weekly journal of the PSLI (the underground successor to the now outlawed PSU), Rinascita socialista. In 1927 he was named editor of La Libertà, journal of the Concentrazione Antifascista Italiana, a coalition of non-communist Italian anti-fascist groups. In 1930 he supported the unification of the PSLI and the PSI. Always attentive to the evolution of European Socialism, he attended the British Labour Party conference of 1930, the international trade union conference in Madrid in June 1931 and the conference of the Socialist International in Vienna in July 1931.
Uncle of writer and painter Carlo Levi.


-  "The generous, taciturn, red-haired Turinese Socialist and former parliamentary leader Claudio Treves..." https://books.google.it/books…

472) Kurt Eisner

Kurt Eisner (1867 – 1919). German journalist and theatre critic. As a socialist journalist, he organised the Socialist Revolution that overthrew the Wittelsbach monarchy in Bavaria in November 1918. He is used as an example of charismatic authority by Max Weber. He proclaimed the Free State of Bavaria. He was assassinated in Munich by a German nationalist on 21 February 1919.

- "A red-haired Jew, he possessed a magnetic and artistic temperament, and had various special methods of arousing and restraining the revolutionary masses, including orchestral and vocal concerts of high excellence in the formerly royal theatres and the opera house of Munich." https://en.wikisource.org/…/1922_Encyclop%C3%A…/Eisner,_Kurt

- "There were no trains running so we got in touch with Kurt Eisner, the little red-haired Marxist who at the time was czar of Bavaria, and who a few weeks later was assassinated." https://www.americanheritage.com/…/%E2%80%9Cgood-evening-ev…

380) Rose Schneiderman

Rose Schneiderman (1882 – 1972). American socialist and feminist, and one of the most prominent women labor union leaders.
She is credited with coining the phrase "Bread and Roses," to indicate a worker's right to something higher than subsistence living. 

 

- "A small person with a fiery spirit and vivid red hair, she would have an outsize role in campaigns to improve working conditions and wages for women." http://rhppi.org/womentakethelead/exhibit/eleanor-roosevelt-politics-and-public-life/

- “Rose Schneidermanìs red hair, her anger, did make her seem like a torch, sometimes.” https://books.google.it/books…

- “Only four feet nine inches tall, with flaming red hair, the diminutive Polish Jewish immigrant possessed legendary power as an orator.” https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/schneiderman-rose

277) Rosa Luxemburg

Rosa Luxemburg (1871 - 1919). Polish and German Marxist theorist, philosopher, economist, anti-war activist, and revolutionary socialist. Born and raised in Poland, she became a German citizen in 1897. Due to her pointed criticism of both the Leninist and the more moderate social democratic schools of socialism, Luxemburg has had a somewhat ambivalent reception among scholars and theorists of the political left. Nonetheless, Luxemburg and Liebknecht were extensively idolized as communist martyrs by the East German communist regime 

- "...the allusions ranged from the red hair of Rosa Luxemburg to the naked legs and feet of countless depictions of the Pietà."  https://books.google.it/books

4) Hilda Alice Selwyn-Clarke, née Browning

Hilda Alice Selwyn-Clarke, née Browning (1899 – 1967). British socialist activist.

- "They called Hilda, inevitably, "Red Hilda". She had red hair and was a member of the Socialist Party..." https://books.google.it